As the US shifts its focus, the EU commits to bolstering its defense capabilities, with leaders signaling a readiness to invest heavily in response to the escalating challenges in Ukraine. Despite internal divisions, a consensus emerges on the need for greater European self-reliance in security matters.

A "Watershed Moment" for European Defense?

With declarations of a "watershed moment" echoing through Brussels, the EU convened a summit to address the growing threat from Russia and the shifting dynamics with the US. The arrival of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy was carefully orchestrated to project an image of unity and resolve.

"We are not alone. These are not just words — we feel it," Zelenskyy affirmed, expressing gratitude for European support.

Ursula von der Leyen emphasized the urgency of the situation: "Europe faces a clear and present danger, and therefore Europe has to be able to protect itself, to defend itself, we have to put Ukraine in a position to protect itself and to push for lasting and just peace."

Looming Challenges from East and West

Despite the show of solidarity, the summit took place against a backdrop of alarming developments:

• Russia rejected a ceasefire proposal backed by Ukraine, France, and Britain.
• The Kremlin accused French President Emmanuel Macron of warmongering.
• Donald Trump once again questioned the US commitment to defending NATO members who don't meet the 2% GDP defense spending target.

EU Leaders Aim to "Rearm"

In response to these challenges, EU leaders gave the green light to a plan that could generate close to €800 billion ($870 billion) in additional defense investment in the coming years.

Key components of the plan:

• Suspending parts of the EU's strict fiscal rules to allow for increased defense spending.
• Creating a new €150 billion loan instrument to support joint procurement among member states.
• Reassigning funds from the EU budget and mobilizing private capital.

The European Commission is set to finalize the legal proposal for the plan later this month.

Reassurances for Kyiv, but Hurdles Remain

While Zelenskyy left the summit with renewed assurances of support, Hungary continues to be a dissenting voice, blocking efforts to sanction Russia and provide aid to Ukraine.

Despite Hungary's opposition, two senior EU diplomats told DW that the EU could offer a fresh chunk of money in addition to the €30 billion it has already committed to Ukraine for this year.

European Council President Antonio Costa indicated that member states have already pledged up to €15 billion.

Will It Be Enough?

Many EU countries, also members of NATO, have struggled to meet the alliance's 2% GDP defense spending target. However, the shifting stance of the US has spurred several member states to consider significant increases in their defense budgets.

Germany, in particular, is considering rewriting its constitution to loosen debt rules and allow for greater military spending.

"There are no frugals anymore when it comes to defense," a senior EU diplomat noted, referring to countries previously cautious about taking on debt for public spending.

Lingering Divisions

While a consensus has emerged on the need to increase defense investment, disagreements persist on other issues, such as seizing frozen Russian assets to aid Ukraine and Macron's proposal to consider French nuclear weapons as a Europe-wide deterrent.

Despite these divisions, the EU is sending a clear message of support to Ukraine.

"We have been with Ukraine since day one. We have already provided more than €135 billion in support to Ukraine since 2022. Our support is unwavering," Costa affirmed.